11th Amendment
(Suits Against a State)
The judicial power of the United
States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or
equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States
by citizens of another state, or by citizens or subjects of any
foreign state. (1795)
12th Amendment
(Election of
President and Vice-President)
The electors shall meet in their
respective states and vote by ballot for President and
Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an
inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in
their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct
ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall
make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and
of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of
votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and
transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United
States, directed to the President of the Senate;--The President
of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of
Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall
then be counted;--the person having the greatest number of votes
for President, shall be the President, if such number be a
majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no
person have such majority, then from the persons having the
highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted
for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose
immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the
President, the votes shall be taken by states, the
representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for
this purpose shall consist of a member or members from
two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall
be necessary to a choice.
And if the House of Representatives shall
not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall
devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next
following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in
the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the
President. The person having the greatest number of
votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if such
number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed,
and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest
numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President;
a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the
whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number
shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally
ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that
of Vice-President of the United States. (1804)
13th Amendment
(Abolition of Slavery)
Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude,
except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have
been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or
any place subject to their jurisdiction.
Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this
article by appropriate legislation. (1865)
14th Amendment
(Privileges
and Immunities, Due Process, Equal Protection, Apportionment of
Representatives, Civil War Disqualification and Debt)
Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the
United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are
citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they
reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall
abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United
States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty,
or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person
within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
Section 2. Representatives
shall be apportioned among the several states according to their
respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each
state, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote
at any election for the choice of electors for President and
Vice President of the United States, Representatives in
Congress, the executive and judicial officers of a state, or the
members of the legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male
inhabitants of such state,
being twenty-one years of age,
and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged,
except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis
of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion
which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole
number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such state.
Section 3. No person shall be a Senator or
Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice
President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the
United States, or under any state, who, having previously taken
an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United
States, or as a member of any state legislature, or as an
executive or judicial officer of any state, to support the
Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in
insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or
comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of
two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.
Section 4. The validity of the public debt of the
United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for
payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing
insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither
the United States nor any state shall assume or pay any debt or
obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against
the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of
any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be
held illegal and void.
Section 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce,
by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.
(1868)
15th Amendment
(Rights Not to Be Denied on Account of Race)
Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States
to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or
by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of
servitude.
Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce
this article by appropriate legislation. (1870)
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