Color Profiling, Racial Profiling?  What is the Difference? CAPPS II and Trusted Traveler

CAPPS II and Trusted Traveler constitute a direct violation to the Fourth Amendment.

ASHINGTON -January 12, 2004: Responding to news reports this morning that, despite broad opposition from across the political spectrum, the Homeland Security Department intends to go forward with two highly controversial airline screening programs, the American Civil Liberties Union today strongly criticized the move. It called the two programs - called CAPPS II and Trusted Traveler -- wrong-headed both for national security and for civil liberties.

"CAPPS II is illusory security on the cheap," said Barry Steinhardt, Director of the ACLU’s Technology and Liberty Project. "Instead of zeroing in on suspects based on real evidence of wrongdoing, it sweeps every airline passenger through a dragnet. From business class on down to coach, you’re going to be checked against secret government intelligence databases. What happens in cases of mistaken identity or simple computer error?"

CAPPS II, short for Computer Assisted Passenger Pre-Screening Program, will reportedly use a complicated two-step process to rank every airline passenger’s threat level, both domestic and international, as either a green, for standard scrutiny, yellow, for heightened scrutiny, and red, which will presumably result in the detention of the passenger. It also lacks any effective recourse for Americans’ who it falsely flags as terrorist suspects.

First, it will check passengers’ names, addresses, telephone numbers, birthdates and itineraries against commercial databases. This step has prompted concern in many quarters that some minorities and the poor, who tend to leave less clear cut "fingerprints" in the data, will be disproportionately flagged as potential security risks by the system.

Once the passenger’s identity has been established, CAPPS II will then cross-reference the person’s name against unknown law enforcement, intelligence or other government databases, called the "black box" by many experts in reference to the fact that not even the Transportation Security Administration - let alone passengers who could be affected by it - will know what exactly goes into these databases. In addition, CAPPS II presents serious practical problems, such as the fact that it would require the computer reservation systems used by airlines around the world to be rebuilt, at a cost that has been estimated to be as high as $1 billion. 

The "trusted traveler" program has problems of its own. It would not likely remain truly voluntary for long as passengers are for all intents and purposes forced to get one in order to avoid humiliating and inconvenient "second class" treatment at the gate. It would not remain confined to air travel, as other venues begin to piggyback on the trusted traveler security check. And, perhaps most important, it would not protect our security; in fact, it would create a security hole by giving some travelers a "get out of security free" card - a problem that prompted the first director of the TSA to reject the concept. 

"Not only are terrorists going to be able to bypass security through forged documentation and fallible technology," Steinhardt said, "the little guy is going to be subjected to the same hassles at the airport, while the first-class or business passenger gets a free pass."

So what do we Have? (Commentary)
 by Laura Dawn Lewis

hat type of information can they make available each time you board a plane and what makes you think this profiling system will stop with air travel? Most of the information this system gathers about you comes  from customer relationship software applications used by companies in the travel industries.  Donnelly and Cendant appear, based upon initial research to be the companies involved in this new escalated security vice.  Combine this information with government databases currently controlled by the office of Homeland Security like the IRS, Social Security and criminal justice to start and you've got an effective electronic tracking system for categorizing Americans as Green, (good), Yellow, (questionable) or Red, (bad).

The following page contains a spreadsheet of the criterion marketers can choose to customize messages about you, for your protection of course including whom you live with and the same information about your partner or spouse and children.  The scope, rather intrusive. You may be surprised what information is available about you, your family and your activities to anyone looking to classify you as a good or bad security risk and perhaps worse.  This means the person handing you your ticket may know if you are in debt, how often you travel, where and what you order not only through room service but also any pay-per-view, books, magazines, clothing…you name it.  A computer decides if you are a security risk based upon what you buy, where you are from, your financial status, last name, origin and assigned color.

As an American, are you comfortable with this idea?  More to the point, this idea under cute and cuddly euphemistic names like CAPPS II and Trusted Traveler constitutes a direct violation to the Fourth Amendment.  And we said no to it 18 months ago when they tried this.  What has changed? NEXT